Caritas Journal of Management, Social Sciences and Humanities
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description: The Caritas Journal of Management, Social Sciences and Humanities (CJMSSH) is a publication of the Faculty of Management and Social Sciences, Caritas University, Amorji-Nike, Enugu Nigeria. CJMSSH is an international peer-reviewed open access journal dedicated to publish high quality research articles on various disciplines in management, social science and humanities such as Business Management, Business studies,Communication studies, Corporate Governance, Corporate organization, Criminology, Anthropology, Demography, Development Studies, Economics, Literature, Entrepreneurship, ethics, General History, Geography, Industrial relations, Information Science, International relations, International studies, Law, Legal Management, Library Science, Linguistics, literature, Business strategy and policy, Entrepreneurship, Human resource management, Organizational behavior, Organizational theory, Research methods, Local Languages, Market Management, Media studies, Music, Operational Management, Paralegal studies, Performing arts ( i. e. Dance, Theatre, and Music), Philosophical Research, Philosophy, Physical Geography, Political science, Population Studies, Psychology, Public and business administration, Publications and advertising, Social Welfare, Sociology, Special Education, Sport Management, Women studies, Visual arts, Gender studies, Cultural studies and ethnic studies, Social Work, Sociology, Archaeology, Business, Divinity, Library and Museum Studies, Journalism, Mass media and Communication, and other studies etc. The journal will consider submissions from all over the world, on research works not being published or submitted for publication towards publication as full paper, review article, short communication and research note. The Papers a
language: en
publication name: Caritas Journal of Management, Social Sciences and Humanities
items: Art Music, Popular Music and Traditional Music in Contemporary Education: Advancing Musical Knowledge, Curriculum Balance, and Cultural Relevance in Nigeria
items: Awareness and Practice Of Cervical Cancer Screening Among Female Workers In Uwani General Hospital Enugu: In Enugu Education Zone, Enugu State Of Nigeria
items: Music Technology and Innovation as Catalysts for Economic Development in Developing Countries: A Positional Analysis of Nigeria’s Creative Economy
items: Colonial Plunder and Contemporary Responsibility: The Case for Reparations in the Repatriation of African Heritage
items: Anti-Reductionist Theories of Mind and the Philosophy of Mind and Body
items: Economic Globalization And Nigeria’s Development Between 2010 And2020: An Appraisal
items: Has Value Added Tax Exemption Been Effective? A Lesson from the Nigerian Manufacturing Sub-Sector
items: Effect of International Donor intervention on Education and Literacy Level: The South East Nigeria- Community and Social Development Project Experience
items: Curbing Maladministration in Nigeria Public Service: the Role of Code of Ethics and Code of Conduct
items: The Humanist Rationality: A Possible Alternative for Curbing Conflicts and Violence in Contemporary Society
items: Politics of Revenue Distributive Mechanism in Nigeria: An Evaluation of the Nigerian Federalism
items: Methodological, Ontological and Epistemological Relevance of Paradigms in Sociological Analysis and Research Development
items: The Imperative of Adopting Innovation Communication Model in Managing Insecurity Challenges in Nigeria
items: Socio-Historical Antecedent of Ethno-Religious Conflicts and Development Issues in Nigeria
items: Functional Utility Of Poverty In Nigeria
items: The History, Nature and Development of International Humanitarian Law: A Critical Review
items: Financial Crimes Control in Nigeria: an Assessment of the Economic Financial Crimes Commission (EFCC)
items: Empirical Evaluation of Total Quality Management as a Strategic Tool for Gaining Competitive Advantage in Manufacturing Companies in Nigeria
items: The Jurisprudential Position of Strike in Nigeria: Interrogating the Principle of No Work No pay
items: A Case for Regional Development Authorities in Nigeria
items: Assesment of Leadership Styles and Employees Work Performance in South-East Nigerian Private Universities
items: The Strategies Utilized for Prevention of Nosocomial Infection in the Surgical Ward among Nurses in Nnamdi Azikiwe University Teaching Hospital Nnewi, Anambra
items: Impact of Health Education on Malaria Prevention among Nursing Mothers in Nsugbe Health Centre, Abata, Anambra State
items: Leadership and Productivity in a Manufacturing Company in Nigeria: (A Study of Alo Aluminium Co. Ltd, Emene, Enugu State)
items: Impact Of Ai-Generated Content On Journalism Practice: a Study Of Practicing Journalist In Enugu, Nigeria
items: Influence Of Cultural Heritage On Media Practice In Africa (a Study Of Nigeria Eastern Region)
items: Effect Of Corporate Governance On Financial Performance Of Deposit Money Banks In Nigeria
items: Major Factors Influencing Consumer Behaviour of Goods and Services: A Theoretical Perspective
items: The Influence Of Sales Promotion On Customer’s Brand Loyalty
items: Conceptualizing Environmental Literacy and Waste Disposal Behaviour of University Students in Nigeria. An Empirical Investigation

Art Music, Popular Music and Traditional Music in Contemporary Education: Advancing Musical Knowledge, Curriculum Balance, and Cultural Relevance in Nigeria
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description: A very critical juncture has occurred in the history of music education in Nigeria where the inherited art music traditions, vigorous popular music practices and indigenous traditional music system need to be moved to a more balanced and meaningful relationship. The author of this article posits that this should no longer be the case with music education in Nigeria today, as music education does not have to be categorized into one domain at the neglect of the other, to be secondary, informal or just culture. Rather, art music, popular music, traditional music are complementary knowledge systems and can be pedagogically valued. The article draws on literature on Nigerian music education, decolonial music pedagogy, indigenous African music, popular music education, curriculum reform, technology-enhanced learning, and Africanization of music curricula, to discuss the historical development, existing tensions and prospects of music education in Nigeria. It suggests that art music fosters formal musicianship, notation, composition and analysis; that traditional music preserves culture and identity, embodied learning and traditional instruments; and popular music, youth culture, digital creativity, employability and the media industries of today. The article suggests a Tri-Musical Knowledge Integration Framework for Contemporary Nigerian Music Education and proposes the following recommendations: Curriculum reform, Teacher training, Integration of music technology, Community collaboration and Assessment reform. The article concludes that a culturally relevant and future-oriented music curriculum in Nigeria should not be dichotomized into these three.
subject: CJMSSH Volume 4 Issue 2
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creator: Dora Ifeanyi Okunbor
creator: Peace Temabor Onyenye
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Caritas Journal of Management, Social Sciences and Humanities
date: 2025-12-05
publication date: 2025-12-05

Awareness and Practice Of Cervical Cancer Screening Among Female Workers In Uwani General Hospital Enugu: In Enugu Education Zone, Enugu State Of Nigeria
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description: This study is investigated the level of awareness and practice of cervical cancer screening among female workers in Uwani general hospital. A sample size of 20 adult was drawn from a total population of 180 female workers using Krejcie & Morgan power analysis. Proportionate sampling technique was used to get the sample size for each department. Data was collected using a researcher-developed questionnaire which was face and content validated and has a Chrombach’s Alpha reliability value of 0.85. Data collated were subjected to descriptive statistics of frequency and percentages and inferential statistics of Chi-square to test the association between variables. Major findings revealed that, 98(66.2%) have heard about cervical cancer, practice of cervical cancer screening is poor; only 28(18.9%) have been screened for cervical cancer.
subject: CJMSSH Volume 4 Issue 2
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creator: Afam Ndu
creator: Ijeoma Judith Ilo
creator: Vera Ogechi Osuagwu
creator: Chitoo Stephanie Osuorah
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Caritas Journal of Management, Social Sciences and Humanities
date: 2025-12-03
publication date: 2025-12-03

Music Technology and Innovation as Catalysts for Economic Development in Developing Countries: A Positional Analysis of Nigeria’s Creative Economy
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description: The impact of music technology on the culture production, creative entrepreneurship and economic participation in the developing countries has become a major factor shaping the process of cultural production. This position paper proposes that music technology and innovation cease to be seen as accessory tools of entertainment and become proactive agents of economic change. The article explores the impact of digital production tools, streaming platforms, social media, artificial intelligence, data analytics, and digital distribution systems on the music value chain, with a particular focus on the Nigerian context. It also contends that the Nigeria's notoriety in the world of music in general and Afrobeats and other popular musical genres in particular is a huge opportunity for jobs creation, cultural export, intellectual property development, youth entrepreneurship, tourism and national branding. This potential is held back by inadequate infrastructure, digital differences, poor copyright protection, insufficient funding, lack of coherent policy and reliance on foreign platforms. The article introduces a Music Technology-Innovation-Development Framework, and advocates for policy, local platform development, creative education, rights management and inclusive investment.
subject: CJMSSH Volume 5 Issue 1
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creator: Dora Ifeanyi Okunbor
creator: Enoh Justina Okafor
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Caritas Journal of Management, Social Sciences and Humanities
date: 2026-07-03
publication date: 2026-07-03

Colonial Plunder and Contemporary Responsibility: The Case for Reparations in the Repatriation of African Heritage
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description: Colonial dispossession of African cultural heritage represents one of the most enduring yet poorly addressed form of historical injustice. Grounded in postcolonial and decolonial theory, focusing on the concepts of coloniality and epistemic domination, this article examines how colonial power continues to affect debates over ownership, meaning, and authority in global heritage governance. Based on the ideas expressed by Fanon, Said, Mbembe, and Mignolo, It views colonial looting as an ongoing system that sustains cultural and epistemic imbalance through museums and international law. Focusing on the repatriation of African cultural artifacts, the paper discusses the notion of restitution as a part of reparative justice discourse. Applying qualitative thematic analysis of secondary literature from international law, postcolonial studies, and museum anthropology, it asserts that restitution is both a moral and political necessity as the aftermath of colonial violence. Nevertheless, its practical implementation is hindered by narrow legal definitions, deep-seated institutionalized resistance, and power asymmetries on a global scale. With the aid of examples, such as the Benin Expedition of 1897, as well as the contemporary discussion around African collections in museums of Europe, it shows that present-day repatriation projects lack coherence. Overall, the paper concludes that true restitution requires not only returning cultural objects but also changing heritage systems to promote cultural justice and decolonization.
subject: CJMSSH Volume 5 Issue 1
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creator: Chiedozie P Nwosu
creator: Kenneth Chiemeka Igwe
creator: Gabriel Ngozi Ikpolo
creator: Faith Ngozi Onyekere
creator: Nnaemeka Christian Chukwu
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Caritas Journal of Management, Social Sciences and Humanities
date: 2026-07-03
publication date: 2026-07-03

Anti-Reductionist Theories of Mind and the Philosophy of Mind and Body
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description: The Cartesian model of mind slots behaviours expressive of our thoughts and feelings into the same category with their automatic counterparts. Yet, in contrast to the body’s involuntary and automatic behaviours, “shared perspectives on the world” empower us to recognize the human body as expressing the subject’s viewpoint on the world; a recognition that is not only about voluntariness and expressivity but also about the embodied nature of human behaviour: feeling, belief, action, and thought. Reasons as explaining behaviour have their roots in behaviour understood and explained in this embodied way. In consequence, it may be the case that it is because we have this “mode of embodiment” that we are subjects whose feelings and thoughts come from experience, represent a point of view on the world, and provide reasons for behaviour (Burwood, 157.)
subject: CJMSSH Volume 1 Issue 1
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creator: Jude Godwins
rights: Copyright (c) 2022 Caritas Journal of Management, Social Sciences and Humanities
date: 2022-10-20
publication date: 2022-10-20

Economic Globalization And Nigeria’s Development Between 2010 And2020: An Appraisal
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description: This study examined economic globalization and Nigeria’s development, 2010-2020. The effect of economic globalization on developing economies was examined using several developmental programs being traced to be means through which globalization circulates. The study examined research questions; to what extent has economic globalization affected Nigeria’s Economic Development from 2010-2020? Has technology importation affected employment rate in Nigeria, 2010-2020? The work is predicated on dependency theory as its theoretical framework. The study presented the following hypotheses; economic globalization has not significantly impacted on Nigeria’s Economic development from 2010-2020 and technology importation has negatively impacted on employment rate in Nigeria in the period of 2010-2020.Documentary method of data collection was adopted. Content method of analysis was used as a method of analysis. This study found out that globalization was just a tool of suppression and exploitation of the underdeveloped societies and pave way for continued dominance of the developed nations whereby not fulfilling the facial promises of the promoters of globalization. Finally, the study recommend that the underdeveloped countries like Nigeria should re-examine their foreign policy and device a workable means to a better society and not on total reliance on the industrialized societies.
subject: CJMSSH Volume 1 Issue 1
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creator: Netchy Mbaeze
rights: Copyright (c) 2022 Caritas Journal of Management, Social Sciences and Humanities
date: 2022-07-02
publication date: 2022-07-02

Has Value Added Tax Exemption Been Effective? A Lesson from the Nigerian Manufacturing Sub-Sector
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description: The study investigated the effect of value added tax exemptions on firm’s performance in the Nigerian manufacturing sector using time series panel data covering from 2014 to 2020 of the ten (10) selected firms exempted from VAT. Among other objectives is to evaluate the effect of value added tax exemption on firm’s performance in the Nigerian manufacturing sector.The study employ pooled Ordinary Least Square (OLS) regression model and LLC, ADF, PP panel unit root test, which confirmed that all series were stationary at I(1). The panel cointegration test and panel ECM test revealed that total profit (TOP), value added tax (VAT), return on assets (ROA) and return on equity (ROE) exhibited a long run relationship and about 67 percent of speed of adjustment in case of disequilibrium in the short run respectively. Overall, both VAT exemptions and return on equity were found to exhibit positive effect on the firms’ total profits while return on asset was found to be negative though significant. This implies that there is a positive and significant effect of VAT exemptions on firm’s performance in the Nigerian manufacturing sector. Based on this findings, the study recommends inter alia, that Federal Government in collaboration with the Federal Inland Revenue Service (FIRS) should sustain the VAT exemption policy to firms in oder to boost their productivity in Nigeria.
subject: CJMSSH Volume 1 Issue 1
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creator: Ikwor Okoroafor Ogbonnaya
creator: Ikechukwu E Okereke
rights: Copyright (c) 2022 Caritas Journal of Management, Social Sciences and Humanities
date: 2022-09-10
publication date: 2022-09-10

Effect of International Donor intervention on Education and Literacy Level: The South East Nigeria- Community and Social Development Project Experience
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description: The study investigated the impact of foreign aid on the Community and Social Development Education Projects in some selected communities of the South East States of Nigeria. Empowerment theory of development provided the theoretical framework for the research. Survey and content Analytical Approach were adopted to elicit data for the study. Multi- stage sampling technique was used to select respondents. The primary data were analyzed using Z-test parametric statistics. The findings revealed that the beneficiaries of CSDP educational infrastructure could read, write and do numerical calculations to some appreciable extent at the time of their completion of the programme and this helps them in their business activities. Consequently, the paper recommends amongst others that school administrators in Nigeria should adhere to the basic principles of quality control, government and policy makers should make more concerted and sincere efforts in building and sustaining the development of human capacity through adequate educational funding across all level.
subject: CJMSSH Volume 1 Issue 1
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creator: Fred O Eze
creator: Stella C Opara
rights: Copyright (c) 2022 Caritas Journal of Management, Social Sciences and Humanities
date: 2022-11-20
publication date: 2022-11-20

Curbing Maladministration in Nigeria Public Service: the Role of Code of Ethics and Code of Conduct
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description: There are indications that not only will public administration be further removed from those it is intended to serve, but also that more administration is likely to mean correspondingly more maladministration. This paper is titled Curbing Maladministration in Nigeria Public Service: The Role of Code of Ethics and Code of Conduct. The objective of the paper was to examine the interplay of code of ethics and code of conduct in curbing maladministration in Nigeria Public Service. The paper argues that the more code of conducts is applied in practice, the more ethics codes curb maladministration in public service. The paper adopted content analysis of secondary sources of data and also analyzed primary data. The population of the study was 456 and Rogger Wimmer online sample size calculator was applied to derive a sample size of 209. Structured questionnaire was administered to the 209 respondents. The review of literature was anchored on the theory of deontological ethics. The paper observed that there is high disregard of codes of ethics and code of conduct hence no reduction of maladministration but their concurrent proper implementation will reduce maladministration in the public service in Nigeria. It is therefore the position of the paper that both codes will become more effective only if they are adopted and implemented in combination with other anti maladministration tools and made part of a learning process that requires training. The paper therefore recommended among others that it is high time the codes and other prescripts that encourage ethical behaviour and professionalism are legislated so that they are enforceable.
subject: CJMSSH Volume 1 Issue 1
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creator: Oko Ndukwe
creator: Angela Iloh
creator: Stella Opara
rights: Copyright (c) 2022 Caritas Journal of Management, Social Sciences and Humanities
date: 2022-09-10
publication date: 2022-09-10

The Humanist Rationality: A Possible Alternative for Curbing Conflicts and Violence in Contemporary Society
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description: Humanism is a philosophy or a system of thought that had come under heavy attacks and rejections from several quarters particularly because of its anti-theistic tendencies as well as its undue generalizations about human nature. For this reason, humanism has come to be seen as an impossible dream. But then, the goals of humanism are still as relevant today as they were in the 1940s and 1950s, as it continued to empower individuals, enhance well-being, improve community and interpersonal relationships all over the world, as well as lead people towards fulfilling their potentials in life. This paper is therefore an attempt to examine the humanist rationality with a view to harnessing its potentials for a better human living in the modern world. Using the historical and critical methods of analysis, the paper discovered and at the same time argues that when certain beliefs are bracketed off, the humanist rationality could indeed be a possible alternative for curbing conflicts and violence in our contemporary society.
subject: CJMSSH Volume 1 Issue 1
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creator: Chikwado Paulinus Ejeh
creator: Austin Chidi Igbokwe
rights: Copyright (c) 2022 Caritas Journal of Management, Social Sciences and Humanities
date: 2022-10-10
publication date: 2022-10-10

Politics of Revenue Distributive Mechanism in Nigeria: An Evaluation of the Nigerian Federalism
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description: The federal constitution of Nigeria was duly articulated and somewhat adopted to ameliorate the nagging issues emanating from the highly concentrated cultural cum socio-political diversity inherent among the ethnic nationalities formerly enjoying self-method of administration and religion. The British colonial authority that adumbrated the supposed unification modalities, did not out rightly downplay the consequences of this variation but applied certain measures to recognize the need to preserve traditional values in politics, administration and essentially, futuristic objectives of the concerned ethnic nationalities. Application of the principles of federalism, douses tensions in governance, politics, administration, revenue cultivation and distribution of values in the polity. We employed qualitative descriptive analysis in unravelling the abysmal socio-economic and political development which hitherto have been overwhelming the federation of Nigeria from attainment of the millennium developmental goal.
subject: CJMSSH Volume 1 Issue 1
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creator: Bill C. C Uchegbue
creator: Francisca O Ifedi
rights: Copyright (c) 2022 Caritas Journal of Management, Social Sciences and Humanities
date: 2022-08-07
publication date: 2022-08-07

Methodological, Ontological and Epistemological Relevance of Paradigms in Sociological Analysis and Research Development
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description: Research paradigms are the basic belief systems or world views that guide the investigator not only in the choices of methods but in ontologically and epistemologically fundamental ways. Research generally is a process of finding out the answers to problems or the process of arriving at dependable solutions to problems through the planned and systematic collection, analysis and interpretation of data. Research methods and data form only part of the complex process of sociological research. In a research process the investigator is not only concerned with the appropriate methodology to be adopted in the consummation of the research, he also seeks the appropriate already existing theories or a set of theories to base the analysis of the research. It is these theories and their implied methodological approaches that constitute a research paradigm. The major import or primary focus of this paper, therefore, is to identify and discuss the relevance and purposes of paradigms in sociological research in relation with their methodological, ontological and epistemological implications. The study adopted the qualitative method of data collection and analysis, while the theory of knowledge formed its theoretical framework. From these analyses the following conclusions were reached: that as world views or belief systems, research paradigms enable the investigator in sociological research situate his work in its proper context; and that by knowing the specific research paradigms,the investigator will be able to determine, abinitio that it is a study in functionalism.
subject: CJMSSH Volume 1 Issue 1
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creator: Achu Amadi Vitus
creator: Paulinus Chikwado Ejeh
rights: Copyright (c) 2022 Caritas Journal of Management, Social Sciences and Humanities
date: 2022-09-08
publication date: 2022-09-08

The Imperative of Adopting Innovation Communication Model in Managing Insecurity Challenges in Nigeria
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description: The study on the imperative of adopting innovation communication model in managing insecurity challenges in Nigeria was formulated to review the current insecurity threat in Nigeria and how mass media have contributed in managing its challenges. The scope of the study covers the six (6) geo-political zones. The researchers chose the population of the study from North East, North West, North Central, South East, South West and South- South zones from where a sample size of three eight thousand was developed. Survey method was applied to enable the researchers solicit opinion of the respondents across the zones. Findings review that North Eastern part of Nigeria witnessed the most increased insecurity within 2015-2022. Again the zone had the highest number of closed schools and out of the school children within the period. The study further reviewed that the most dreaded non-state actors in the security group is Boko Haram terrorist group seconded by Bandits followed by Herders. Again, the role of mass media was examined and the study result showed that mass media have done much but need to improve on managing the insecurity in Nigeria. The study concludes that the period witnessed the greatest threat to human life and property in Nigeria orchestrated by insecurity challenges. It recommends that every administration in Nigeria must be proactive in tackling insecurity issues than allowing it to blow out of proportion. Mass media should evolve more people oriented reportage in reporting insecurity issues in Nigeria.
subject: CJMSSH Volume 1 Issue 1
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creator: Ferdinanad Obasi
rights: Copyright (c) 2022 Caritas Journal of Management, Social Sciences and Humanities
date: 2022-10-05
publication date: 2022-10-05

Socio-Historical Antecedent of Ethno-Religious Conflicts and Development Issues in Nigeria
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description: There has been a popular misconception about the genesis of ethno-religious conflicts and socio- political imbalance between the North and South, the trinity and the rest ethnic groups in Nigeria. Federalism is regarded as the slogan of existing member states whose composition in any case infringes the principle of internal self determination for ethnic groups, or as the legitimate demand of ethnic nationalities many of whom still consider themselves submerged. It is thus legitimate to insist that the character of the Nigerian federation, otherwise known as “the federal character of Nigeria” is historically determined. The ultimate origin of multi- ethnicity lies in our pre-colonial history though it came unmistakably to the surface only after 1946. It at the root of the imperious and insistent demand by each ethnic group, no matter how small numerically or how poor materially. or how backward educationally for a recognized, fair and dignified place in the Nigerian sun. Language has been treated as the easiest and most objective criterion for determining ethnic affiliation. The duality of North and South derives from psychological and irrational hang-over from our colonial past which have transformed an imaginary line on our country’s map into a barrier that only few have been able to scale. It is at the root of the tension and mutual suspicion between the ‘North ‘and the ‘south. This paper attempts to locate this malaise on the unholy and forceful marriage of all hitherto independent kingdoms that today make up the federating units of Nigerian society.
subject: CJMSSH Volume 1 Issue 1
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creator: O. E Orji
rights: Copyright (c) 2022 Caritas Journal of Management, Social Sciences and Humanities
date: 2022-09-10
publication date: 2022-09-10

Functional Utility Of Poverty In Nigeria
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description: Nigeria has one of the world’s highest economic growth rates, averaging 7.4%.Ironically, poverty still remains significant at 33.1%. For a country with massive wealth and a huge population to support commerce, a well-developed economy and plenty of natural resources such as oil and other solid minerals, the level of poverty remains unacceptable. As at 2018, population growth rate was higher than economic growth rate, leading to a slow rise in poverty.By2018 end, almost half the population is living below the international poverty line ($2 per day), and unemployment peaked at 23.1%. This paper attempts to locate this paradox on the socio-political and economic administration of the Nigerian people and economy. The paper is organized as follows: Introduction; Literature and Theoretical issues; Political and Economic foundation of poverty in Nigeria; Corruption; Unemployment; Gender inequality:globalization and Conclusion.
subject: CJMSSH Volume 1 Issue 1
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creator: Okoro E Orji
rights: Copyright (c) 2022 Caritas Journal of Management, Social Sciences and Humanities
date: 2022-10-10
publication date: 2022-10-10

The History, Nature and Development of International Humanitarian Law: A Critical Review
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description: This paper explores the history, nature and development of international humanitarian law: a review. Doctrinal research methodology was used. International Humanitarian Law (IHl) earlier known as the laws of war is applied in the armed conflict to protect those who don’t take part in the hostilities or no longer taking part in the hostility M.S Isian (2018) opined, that the rules of conflict or fight although, first documented in 1863 after the war of Solferino, it was slightly existed and practiced from the beginning of human being. The earliest societies, the Papua, the Sumerians, Babylon, Persians, the Greek, and the Roman, in all societies had some rules of fighting and these rules were strictly followed by people. Every religion namely, Christian, Islamic, Hindu and Buddhist contains a handful of provisions on the law of armed conflict (LOAC). The scattered provisions of (LOAC) have been accumulated in the documents, the lieber code in 1863 and the first Geneva Convention 1864. Later on many Conventions, Protocols, Declarations on Armed conflicts (AC) have been adopted in various times depending on the nature of conflict and protection of the victims. Four Geneva Conventions in 1949, it’s three Additional protocols (APs) in 1977 and 2005 and the permanent International criminal court in 1998 have given a great success to the development of International Humanitarian Law.
subject: CJMSSH Volume 1 Issue 1
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creator: Gab Agu Agu
creator: Ukachukwu Mahakweabba
creator: Peter Chukwuemeka Onwudinjo
rights: Copyright (c) 2022 Caritas Journal of Management, Social Sciences and Humanities
date: 2022-10-04
publication date: 2022-10-04

Financial Crimes Control in Nigeria: an Assessment of the Economic Financial Crimes Commission (EFCC)
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description: The research work examined Financial Crimes Control in Nigeria. with preference to the Economic Financial Crimes Commission (EFCC). Empirical studies suggest that financial crimes in Nigeria adversely affect the country socio-economically politically and globally. Financial crimes control by Anti-financial crimes Agencies in the Nigeria like EFCC has not been encouraging to meet the expectations of the government, Nigerians and the global community The objectives of the study were – to examine the effect of financial crimes on Nigeria development; to find out the roles EFCC have employed in financial crime control in Nigeria; to identify the achievements EFCC has made in financial crime control in Nigeria; and to find out the challenges EFCC have encountered in financial crime control in Nigeria. The study adopted the Hyper-motivation theory; applied a descriptive survey research design with structured questionnaire as the main instrument for data collection. The population of the study is the 3,267,837 residents in Enugu State (National Population Commission of Nigeria, 2006). The sample population derived via the application of Taro Yamani sample size determination formula was 400. The data collected via questionnaire were analyzed using table and percentages, while the hypotheses tested were tested using the chi-square statistical tool. The findings of the study revealed that Financial crimes affect Nigeria development socio-economically, politically and globally; EFCC performs roles in financial crimes control in Nigeria; EFCC has done well in financial crimes control in Nigeria but a lot still needs to be done by the Commission to enhance financial crimes control in the country; and EFCC encounters challenges in financial crimes control in Nigeria. Based on the findings, the study recommended that the Nigerian government at all levels etc should all join hands in sensitizing Nigerians and the perpetrators of financial crimes on the devastating effects of financ…
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creator: Temple C Nwambuko
creator: Bill C. C Uchegbue
creator: Francisca O Ifedi
rights: Copyright (c) 2022 Caritas Journal of Management, Social Sciences and Humanities
date: 2022-09-10
publication date: 2022-09-10

Empirical Evaluation of Total Quality Management as a Strategic Tool for Gaining Competitive Advantage in Manufacturing Companies in Nigeria
type: item
description: This study focused on Empirical Evaluation of Total Quality Management as a strategic tool for gaining competitive advantage in manufacturing companies in Nigeria. The study covered five manufacturing companies. Purposive sampling method was employed to draw a total sample of 92 respondents, distributed among the five companies as follows: Company A–22; Company B–20; Company C–18; Company D–18; and Company E–14. Likert Format Structured questionnaire was employed to elicit information from the respondents. Out of the 92 questionnaire issued, 86 were properly filled and returned and upon which the analyses were based. The indices that measure successful implementation of TQM in organizations which include absence of defectiveness in products/services; elimination of wastes in all organizational resources; ensuring that organization’s processes are simple and devoid of complexities or tortuousness; ensuring that qualified and competent employees are engaged and retained over time in the organization; and ensuring that work environment is perfectly conducive and congenial to the workforce for maximum contribution were the variables of interest studied. These variables were all confirmed by the study as useful agents for attracting competitive advantage to organizations. The study, therefore, concludes that TQM is a powerful and strong strategic tool for gaining competitive advantage by organizations. The study recommends as follows: that organizational or institutional leaders/managers should embrace and institute TQM in their respective organizations with particular focus on (a) ensuring that employees are properly motivated through adequate remuneration, continuous training and provision of conducive environment for optimum performance; (b) ensuring elimination of wastes in the use of all organizational resources; (c) ensuring that products/services are without defectiveness as a guarantee for customers to have full value/utility for pathing with their hard earned mo…
subject: CJMSSH Volume 1 Issue 1
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creator: Cyril Gabriel Ogbu
creator: Virginus Ikechukwu Ugwu
rights: Copyright (c) 2022 Caritas Journal of Management, Social Sciences and Humanities
date: 2022-11-01
publication date: 2022-11-01

The Jurisprudential Position of Strike in Nigeria: Interrogating the Principle of No Work No pay
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description: Strike as a means by which employees exert pressure on their employers to accede to their demands is undertaken where there is a breakdown of negotiations between employers and employees. This implies that strike is a by-product of human existence, especially on matters in which there is disagreement or for which some people are dissatisfied. The issue is that in our statute books strike is less legal, than the power of the unions to express themselves. The labour laws provide the legal framework for declaring a strike. Thus, this study, attempts to examine the statutory and regulatory framework for declaring strike, especially the conditions under which the government can invoke the doctrine of NO Work, No Pay rule. The paper posits that while there exists no law which guarantees the right of a Nigerian worker to proceed on industrial strike action, the law recognizes the existence of strikes in trade disputes which section 3 to 14 of Trade Disputes Act generally provides the conditions. Finally, the paper frowns at the way and manner government representatives invoke the principle of NO Work, No Pay policy without recourse to the relevant agreements collectively signed by labour and management abi initio. It recommends a better industrial labour education for government representatives.
subject: CJMSSH Volume 1 Issue 1
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creator: Maximus N. O Asogwa
creator: Casmir N Ugwuonu
rights: Copyright (c) 2022 Caritas Journal of Management, Social Sciences and Humanities
date: 2022-09-04
publication date: 2022-09-04

A Case for Regional Development Authorities in Nigeria
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description: Marked regional disparities in development could be dangerous for national cohesion and health growth of the economy. The purpose of this article is to call attention to the type and nature of a regional development authorities required in Nigeria today and the way such authorities can boldly tackle the ever growing problem of rural decadence and imbalances in national development through the promotion of equitable regional development. The article in effect seeks to stress the need for a new orientation to rural development policy and purposeful direction for the present for even development and national integration.
subject: CJMSSH Volume 1 Issue 1
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creator: Maximus N. O Asogwa
rights: Copyright (c) 2022 Caritas Journal of Management, Social Sciences and Humanities
date: 2022-10-10
publication date: 2022-10-10

Assesment of Leadership Styles and Employees Work Performance in South-East Nigerian Private Universities
type: item
description: This study examined the assessment of leadership styles and employees' work performance at Godfrey Okoye University, Ugwuomu-Nike, Enugu State and Paul University Awka, Anambra State. The study adopted the descriptive cross-sectional survey research design. Four research questions guided the study. The situational theory was adopted as the theoretical framework of the study. The population of this research work was drawn from the academic and non-academic staff of Godfrey Okoye and Paul universities. The population is made up of 222 academic and 67 non-academic staff of Godfrey Okoye University and 117 academic and 31 non-academic staff of Paul University. The sample size of 208 was determined using the Taro Yamane formula. The questionnaire is the major instrument used for data collection and was self-administered. Data collected were processed using the SPSS software package version 21. Data analysis was performed using descriptive statistics like simple percentages, and frequency tables. The hypotheses were tested using chi-square (χ2) statistical inference. The findings of the study show that there is a relationship between leadership style and employees’ work performance. The study recommended that leaders should try to create a good working relationship between the subordinate and the team head for improved performance. Finally, leaders should endeavour to find the best leadership style that suits the smooth running of the organization.
subject: CJMSSH Volume 1 Issue 1
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creator: Charles Onwuka Chukwujekwu
creator: Evaristus Abonyi Sunday
rights: Copyright (c) 2022 Caritas Journal of Management, Social Sciences and Humanities
date: 2022-11-20
publication date: 2022-11-20

The Strategies Utilized for Prevention of Nosocomial Infection in the Surgical Ward among Nurses in Nnamdi Azikiwe University Teaching Hospital Nnewi, Anambra
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description: Nosocomial infections remain a major public health concern worldwide, particularly in healthcare settings where nurses play a critical role in infection prevention and control. This study assessed the knowledge of nosocomial infections, the preventive strategies utilized, and the barriers encountered by nurses in preventing nosocomial infections at Nnamdi Azikiwe University Teaching Hospital (NAUTH), Nnewi, Anambra State, Nigeria. A descriptive cross-sectional survey design was adopted for the study. The target population comprised 100 clinical nurses working in various wards of the hospital. Using Taro Yamane's formula, a sample size of 80 nurses was determined and selected through random sampling technique. Data were collected using a self-designed structured questionnaire that was validated by research experts and tested for reliability using the test-retest method. Data analysis was carried out using frequencies and percentages, and findings were presented in tables. The results showed that the majority of respondents were female (90.0%), married (90.5%), degree holders (72.1%), and within the age range of 31–40 years (37.5%). Findings revealed that nurses demonstrated a good level of knowledge regarding nosocomial infections, with an average of 70% of respondents providing correct responses on key infection-related concepts, transmission routes, and preventive measures. Regarding prevention strategies, most nurses reported adherence to recommended infection control practices, including hand hygiene before patient contact (83.8%), handwashing after exposure to body fluids (82.5%), and patient education (84.2%). However, several barriers to effective nosocomial infection prevention were identified, including limitations in language competency (92.5%), infection surveillance inefficiencies (88.7%), increased scrutiny due to public visibility of hospital-acquired infections (77.0%), increased reporting requirements (76.4%), and limited time to accomplish multiple g…
subject: CJMSSH Volume 5 Issue 1
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subject: Array
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creator: Afam Ndu
creator: Ijeoma Judith Ilo
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Caritas Journal of Management, Social Sciences and Humanities
date: 2026-06-17
publication date: 2026-06-17

Impact of Health Education on Malaria Prevention among Nursing Mothers in Nsugbe Health Centre, Abata, Anambra State
type: item
description: This study investigated “Health education and its impact on malaria prevention among nursing mothers in Nsugbe Health Centre.” The objectives of the study were to assess the influence of health education on malaria prevention, to determine the impact of malaria prevention among nursing mothers, and to ascertain the nursing interventions on the preventive measures of malaria among nursing mothers. A systematic random sampling technique was adopted for the study. The study population comprised 250 nursing mothers, while 150 respondents were selected through systematic random sampling. A structured questionnaire served as the main instrument for data collection. The validity and reliability of the instrument were ensured. Data collected were analyzed using frequency distribution tables and charts. The results revealed, among others, that the majority of the respondents had received health education and possessed good knowledge and information regarding malaria prevention. Based on the findings, recommendations were made, including the need to educate nursing mothers on the importance of malaria prevention and its potential benefits, addressing barriers that may hinder nursing mothers from accessing malaria prevention programs, and adopting diverse educational approaches such as pamphlets, lectures, role-play, and video-based learning.
subject: CJMSSH Volume 5 Issue 1
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creator: Afam Ndu
creator: Ijeoma Judith Ilo
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Caritas Journal of Management, Social Sciences and Humanities
date: 2026-06-15
publication date: 2026-06-15

Leadership and Productivity in a Manufacturing Company in Nigeria: (A Study of Alo Aluminium Co. Ltd, Emene, Enugu State)
type: item
description: This study is on Leadership and Productivity in a Manufacturing Company in Nigeria: A Study of Alo Aluminium Company Limited, Emene, Enugu State. The researcher adopted Taro Yamene’s sampling method to get a sample of 106 respondents from employees in the company. The primary data were collected through the instrument of questionnaire and observation. The secondary data were collected from textbooks, journals, libraries and the internet. Data were analyzed using Likert Scale format tables. The hypotheses were tested using Chi-Square Statistics. The research findings show that the leadership style in use in the study institution was seen to be rigid and autocratic. This style of leadership does not encourage efficient performance among the workers and hampers increased productivity. The study recommends the adoption of people-oriented leadership style, namely, Participative and Consensus Leadership style as a means of motivating workers for increased productivity.
subject: CJMSSH Volume 3 Issue 2
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creator: Cyril G Ogbu
creator: Beatrice Ndibe
rights: Copyright (c) 2024 Caritas Journal of Management, Social Sciences and Humanities
date: 2024-12-12
publication date: 2024-12-12

Impact Of Ai-Generated Content On Journalism Practice: a Study Of Practicing Journalist In Enugu, Nigeria
type: item
description: This study investigates the impact of AI-generated content on journalism practices in Enugu State, Nigeria. The research employed a survey design, sampling 117 registered journalists under the Nigerian Union of Journalists (NUJ), Enugu State Chapter. The study aimed to assess journalists' exposure to AI tools, their use of AI-generated content in professional practice, perceived benefits, and challenges faced in its application. Findings reveal high awareness and usage of AI tools among journalists, with ChatGPT being the most recognized (79.5%). The majority of respondents (99.1%) use AI-generated content to some degree in their work, primarily for research (81%) and writing (50%). Key benefits identified include time and resource savings (88.9% agreement) and increased efficiency and productivity (72.4% agreement). However, challenges such as lack of awareness or knowledge (58.9%), limited access to AI tools (59%), and concerns about content quality and reliability (55.5%) were also highlighted.The study concludes that while AI-generated content has become integral to journalistic practice in Enugu State, there is a need for a balanced approach that leverages AI's benefits while addressing its limitations and ethical implications. Recommendations include comprehensive training programs, improved access to AI tools, development of ethical guidelines, and further research to track long-term impacts. These findings contribute to the understanding of AI's role in journalism and provide insights for media professionals, organizations, and policymakers in navigating the evolving landscape of AI in journalism.
subject: CJMSSH Volume 3 Issue 2
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creator: Godwin Chiwoke Okoye
creator: Justina N Obi
creator: Odinaka Egele
rights: Copyright (c) 2024 Caritas Journal of Management, Social Sciences and Humanities
date: 2024-12-07
publication date: 2024-12-07

Influence Of Cultural Heritage On Media Practice In Africa (a Study Of Nigeria Eastern Region)
type: item
description: The study investigated the Influence of Culture on communication practice in Africa, with Nigeria as a study Area. The objectives of the study, include to find out really if culture influences Communication practice, which of the genders are mostly influenced by culture in their profession in Enugu State and whether culture influences people’s communication patter. Survey research method was used, after extensive consultation of literature that related to the topic. Findings revealed that in Nigeria, more male are engaged in media practices than female and that culture influence very often on people’s communication life, and by extension influences practitioners of public relations profession particularly. The study concluded that culture as people’s way of life influence on people’s communication practice and particularly on the professionals of media practices. It suggested some recommendations such as constant enlightenment and education of some obnoxious culture that obstruct effective media practice, and ways to modernise them or outright removal of those culture. Again, the study recommended constant in-house training for media practitioners in a bid to teach them practical approaches and model to avoid conflict of cultural clash with their professional practices.
subject: CJMSSH Volume 3 Issue 2
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creator: Kenechukwu Stephine Odoh
creator: Ferdinanad Obasi
rights: Copyright (c) 2024 Caritas Journal of Management, Social Sciences and Humanities
date: 2024-12-10
publication date: 2024-12-10

Effect Of Corporate Governance On Financial Performance Of Deposit Money Banks In Nigeria
type: item
description: The main objective of the study is to examine the extent to which corporate governance affect financial performance of deposit money banks in Nigeria. The study specifically determined the extent to which board size, board composition and audit committee size affect profit margin of deposit money banks in Nigeria. The study adopted an ex-post facto research design. Secondary data was sourced from the annual reports of the sample of five deposit money banks for ten (10) years period, spanning from 2014-2023. The data collected was analyzed using descriptive analysis and multiple regression analysis. The findings of the study include: Board size has a negative and insignificant effect on the net profit margin of listed deposit money banks in Nigerian (β = 1.7334; p-value = 0.089); Board Composition has a significant effect on the Net Profit Margin of listed deposit money banks in Nigeria (β = 2.4904; p-value = 0.016); Audit committee size has no significant effect on the Net Profit Margin of listed deposit money banks in Nigeria (β = -0.8263; p-value = 0.4129). The study highlights that while quantity of governance bodies (board size, and audit size) may not directly influence financial performance, the quality and composition of these bodies are vital. For deposit money banks in Nigeria, focusing on the expertise and diversity of board members is essential for enhancing financial performance.
subject: CJMSSH Volume 3 Issue 2
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creator: Catherine Amoge Eneh
creator: Bobby Godwin Ogbogu Nwankwo
creator: Vincent Onyeneke Agbachi
creator: Charles Ikechukwu Agu
rights: Copyright (c) 2024 Caritas Journal of Management, Social Sciences and Humanities
date: 2024-12-12
publication date: 2024-12-12

Major Factors Influencing Consumer Behaviour of Goods and Services: A Theoretical Perspective
type: item
description: The researcher adopted an inductive approach to the study of factors influencing consumer behaviour of both physical goods and services. The paper seeks to establish a relationship between consumer behaviour and certain identified factors like, culture, social institutions, reference group, personal and psychological. It was found that consumer behaviour with respect to physical goods and services is influenced by both endogenous and exogenous factors. And this has wide implications not only for marketing but also for other allied disciplines. The paper has stimulated research into why consumers behave the way they do.
subject: CJMSSH Volume 3 Issue 2
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creator: Christian Nwankwo
creator: Peter Abude
rights: Copyright (c) 2024 Caritas Journal of Management, Social Sciences and Humanities
date: 2024-11-05
publication date: 2024-11-05

The Influence Of Sales Promotion On Customer’s Brand Loyalty
type: item
description: This research was on the influence of sales promotion on consumer’s brand loyalty using Coca Cola and Pepsi brands soft drinks for the study copies of questionnaire were administered on consumers in three (3) stratified randomly selected areas of 9th Mile Enugu and supplemented with interviews conducted with the sales and marketing managers of Nigerian Bottling Company (NBC) Plc and Seven Up (7up) Bottling Company Plc, manufacturers of Coca Cola and Pesicola respectively in their 9th Mile Enugu plant offices. It was found that sales promotions, while effective in boosting and increasing sales of brands, products or services in the short run have little or no influence on customer’s brand loyalty. Moreover, competitions, sweepstakes, prize/gifts items and free samples or demonstrations are discovered to be the most effective sales promotion strategies in boosting sales in the short run. Among the study’s many recommendations is the need for manufacturers to be conscious of their sales promotion techniques or tools to reflect this winning package so that their desire to boost sales can be easily realized.
subject: CJMSSH Volume 3 Issue 2
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creator: Peter Abude
creator: Christian Nwankwo
rights: Copyright (c) 2024 Caritas Journal of Management, Social Sciences and Humanities
date: 2024-11-13
publication date: 2024-11-13

Conceptualizing Environmental Literacy and Waste Disposal Behaviour of University Students in Nigeria. An Empirical Investigation
type: item
description: This study was on conceptualizing environmental literacy and waste disposal behaviour of university students in Nigeria. Environmental problems today are global in nature, requiring young and old alike to behave pro-environmentally in order to rectify environmental problems and prevent new ones from occurring. Environmentally literate people possess the knowledge and skills required to analyze environmental issues, which would enable the individual to behave pro-environmentally. The main objective of this study was to investigate environmental literacy and waste disposal behaviour of university students in Nigeria. To achieve this, the study hypothesized that despite the intensifying environmental education efforts and the spread of environmental literacy concept, there is still a growly discourse in literature on whether and how environmental literacy influence waste disposal behaviour of university students in Nigeria. Data were collected using structured questionnaire administered to four hundred students selected from universities in Enugu State, Nigeria. Structural equation modeling was used to test the hypotheses at .05 margin of error. Statistical package for social sciences (SPSS) version 23.0 software was used for analysis, the findings shows that there was no relationship (positive) between environmental knowledge and waste disposal behaviour of university students. The paper concludes that students who are environmentally knowledgeable, curious, with locus of control concerned and sensitive to the environment are needed to manage the impact of human excesses on the environment. It is recommended that environmental programmes should be infused into the academic curriculum for university students to enable them acquire more environmental knowledge to walk the talk.
subject: CJMSSH Volume 3 Issue 2
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creator: Christain Nwankwo
creator: Peter Abude
rights: Copyright (c) 2024 Caritas Journal of Management, Social Sciences and Humanities
date: 2024-11-10
publication date: 2024-11-10