Disaster Management Communication Systems in Nigeria: A Systematic Review and Technology-Driven Framework

Abstract

Nigeria is facing growing and complicated disaster landscape that includes seasonal Industrial accidents, oil spills, flooding, landslides and droughts. To control these disasters properly, the country requires efficient, strong, responsive communication systems. Although the National Emergency Management Agency (NEMA) has been set up and there is more and more support around the world for using technology to reduce disaster risk, Nigeria's communication system for managing disasters is still not well integrated, underfunded, and fragmented. This study systematically synthesizes evidence from 79 peer-reviewed publications drawn from Nigeria, sub-Saharan Africa, and international contexts to evaluate the effectiveness of emerging technologies—such as the Internet of Things (IoT), Artificial Intelligence (AI), Geographic Information Systems (GIS), Low-Power Wide-Area Networks (LPWAN), satellite communication, and mobile platforms—in addressing persistent gaps in disaster communication systems. This study proposes a five-layer Integrated Technology-Driven Disaster Communication (ITDDC) Framework for Nigeria’s operational environment, along with policy recommendations for government, academia, and the technology sector.